UK - citizenship by investment
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At Legarithm, we guide you through every step of investment-based routes to UK permanent residence and citizenship. The UK does not offer direct "citizenship by investment" or a golden visa, but there are clear paths for investors and entrepreneurs to achieve British citizenship through residency and naturalisation. We explain the requirements, investment amounts, and timelines for each visa program, so you can choose the best option for your situation. Our team is ready to advise on eligibility, application processes, costs, and family inclusion—helping you understand how to get closer to a UK passport.
Benefits of obtaining British citizenship
Main routes towards British citizenship through investment
Innovator Founder Visa
Innovator Founder Visa is the main route for entrepreneurs and investors who want to settle in the UK. Applicants must present an innovative business idea and receive endorsement from an approved body.
Key requirements:
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Minimum £50,000 investment (exceptions for some Start-up visa switchers)
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Active involvement in the business
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Potential for growth and job creation
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Endorsement from an approved endorsing body
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English level at least B2 (CEFR)
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Sufficient funds for living in the UK
The visa is granted for 3 years, after which you can extend it or apply for permanent residence (ILR), and later for British citizenship.
Tier 1 Investor Visa (now closed to new applicants)
The Tier 1 Investor Visa is no longer open to new applicants (since February 2022). Existing visa holders can still extend their stay or apply for settlement if they meet the investment requirements.
Investment thresholds:
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£2 million — ILR after 5 years
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£5 million — ILR after 3 years
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£10 million — ILR after 2 years
Investments had to be made in UK government bonds or active UK companies (not offshore). Family members (partner and children under 18) could be included.
Sole Representative Visa
The Sole Representative Visa is for senior employees of overseas companies who want to set up a UK branch. It can lead to permanent residence and citizenship.
Main requirements:
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Senior position and proven experience
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Authority to make decisions for the overseas company
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Basic English proficiency
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Sufficient income and funds
Costs and timeframe
Investment and application costs differ depending on the chosen route.
Innovator Founder Visa:
- Initial visa application: £1,191
- Extension application: £1,486
- Required investment: at least £50,000
- Additional NHS surcharge applies
Tier 1 Investor Visa (extension or ILR only):
- Visa extension: £1,623
- Minimum ongoing investment: £2–10 million
British citizenship application: £1,330 per applicant
Visa application processing times generally range from 3 to 8 weeks, depending on the route and whether priority processing is selected.
Step-by-step process to UK citizenship through investment
Useful Facts About UK Investment-Based Migration
UK citizenship by investment: Key questions answered
Still have questions?
Can I include my family members in my application?
Yes, spouses, civil partners, unmarried partners, and dependent children under 18 can be included in most investor and innovator visa applications.
Is there a direct citizenship by investment program in the UK?
No, the UK requires you to invest or build a business, gain residency first, and then progress to citizenship through residency and legal compliance.
How long must I live in the UK before applying for citizenship?
You must usually live in the UK for at least five years, including one year with permanent residency (ILR), before applying for citizenship.
What are the English language and knowledge requirements?
Applicants must meet English proficiency (usually B1 or B2 CEFR level) and pass the Life in the UK Test to qualify for ILR or citizenship.
Are there restrictions on the types of businesses or investments?
Yes. Investments must be in active trading UK businesses. Some types (e.g., property management/development, or offshore companies) do not qualify.
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